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This report shows the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the long-term care facilities (LTCF) for elderly throughout 2021 and until the 17th week of 2022. Since its start-up in January 2021, this surveillance has provided aggregated national weekly data, with information on the proportion of LTCF for elderly affected by COVID-19, the incidence of COVID-19 and fatal cases among a vulnerable population where the effects of the pandemic have been and are being especially severe. The comparison with the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 cases in noninstitutionalized elderly shows how the impact of COVID-19 is being greater among the elderly living in nursing homes, with more fatal cases than the rest of the population of the same age.
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Background and purpose: There are limited studies on co-infection of COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to describe the clinical, radiological, laboratory characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients admitted with tuberculosis and COVID 19 co-infection. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated all patients with either active TB or old TB and COVID-19 admitted to Qaemshahr Razi Teaching Hospital between 2020 and 2022. Results: A total of 9251 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to our hospital between February 2020 and May 2022. There were eight patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection, including five (62.5%) male patients. The mean age of these patients was 61.13..22.63 years old. The mean time of symptom onset to hospital admission was 15.13..30.56 days and 50% were diagnosed with active TB and other half had old TB. Four patients were admitted to the ICU, three of whom required ventilation. Finally, four (50%) patients deceased. In this study, among factors that influence patients' outcomes, only underlying diseases were significantly associated with death. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is assumed to cause a higher mortality risk in COVID-19 patients, especially in those with chronic underlying diseases.
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Objective:In this study, to evaluate the clinical course and prognosis in COVID-19 patients, to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters at the time of admission to the hospital.
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Background and objectives: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to the public healthcare system worldwide like none before, producing far-reaching global economic, humanitarian, and social crises. It is estimated to have affected more than 1.8 million people worldwide. India has faced two phases of the pandemic, being the country with 2nd most number of deaths with varying mortality patterns across the two waves. In this study, we compare the patterns of mortality between the two phases of pandemics in association with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 deaths. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study at a tertiary care center in Central India was carried out. Demographic patterns of mortality have been studied in each of the groups, and a comparative analysis was done between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 mortality patterns in each phase of the study, that is, from 20th March 2020 to 19th September 2020 and from 20th September 2020 to May 2021, as well as between the two phases.
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In the last two years, COVID pneumonia has frequently been dealt with by both outpatient and inpatient pulmonology centers. To describe the actual situation, we conducted a retrospective study including 200 patients admitted to the Department of Pneumology, Second Faculty of Medicine. Charles University and University Hospital in Motol during the first (autumn 2020) and fourth (autumn 2021) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of those, 25% of patients died, significantly more in the first wave (33%) than in the fourth wave (17%). The mean age of the deceased was 76 years. as compared with 67 years in the entire sample. The risk factor for admissions was. besides older age, a higher number of comorbidities, with 38% of patients being obese. A negative prognostic factor was high C-reactive protein. There were fewer deaths among patients treated with remdesivir (18% vs. 30%) and those with a body mass index over 31 (17% vs. 30%). Two thirds of patients died of COVID-19;one third died with the disease. Vaccination was beneficial for patients in the fourth wave. with significantly fewer of them dying. staying in intensive care units and requiring mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. COVID pneumonia is a severe, life-threatening disease whose course was positively influenced by vaccination. treatment and herd immunity through previous infection.
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Fatalism prevents a person from responding adequately to different stressful life situations, but this has not been assessed in a COVID-19 informed population, such as medical students. The objective was to determine whether basic knowledge is associated with fatalism that was generated by COVID-19 in Bolivian medical students. Analytical cross-sectional study, generated through a virtual survey, with validated scales to measure knowledge and fatalism before the possibility of getting sick by COVID-19, this in 4 medical schools in Bolivia. Descriptive and analytical results were obtained for this association, adjusted for other variables. In the multivariate analysis it was found that there was a higher level of knowledge as the academic year increased (3rd year p=0.012, 4th year p=0.031, 5th year p=0.001 and internship p=0.013;all compared to 1st year), on the other hand, there was more knowledge among students who were less fatalistic (RPa: 0.76;95%CI: 0.68-0.85%;p-value<0.001) and among those who studied at some universities (UNIFRANZ p<0.001 and UNITEPC p<0.001, both as compared to UMSS);adjusted for gender and age of respondents. In conclusion, the fact that students had fatalistic perceptions was inversely associated with the knowledge they had regarding the disease;in addition, there was an association according to the year of studies and the university where they studied.
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The tug of war between viruses and humans existed for millions of years. The defensive mechanisms and rapid evolution of these viruses have made it difficult for researchers to progress in antiviral drug discovery. Therefore, this paper is intended to give an overview on reported drug targets via an insight on viral pathogenesis and the peptidomimetic-drugs reported till date against three most globally prevalent and deadly viruses: SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HCV. The reason for selective illustration in this review is attributed to the proven record of antecedents reporting wide scope of peptidomimetics in development of antiviral drugs highlighting the ease of rapid mobilization of peptidomimetics for treatment of emerging viruses.
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Using official COVID-19 death counts for 64 countries and excess death estimates for 41 countries, this paper finds a higher share of pandemic-related deaths in 2020 were at younger ages in middle-income countries compared to high-income countries. People under age 65 constituted on average (1) 11 percent of both official deaths and excess deaths in high-income countries, (2) 40 percent of official deaths and 37 percent of excess deaths in upper-middle-income countries, and (3) 54 percent of official deaths in lower-middle-income countries. These contrasting profiles are due only in part to differences in population age structure. Both COVID-19 and excess death age-mortality curves are flatter in countries with lower incomes. This is a result of some combination of variation in age patterns of infection rates and infection fatality rates. In countries with very low death rates, excess mortality is substantially negative at older ages, suggesting that pandemic-related precautions have lowered non-COVID-19 deaths. Additionally, the United States has a younger distribution of deaths than countries with similar levels of income.
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Introduction: The fatality rate by COVID-19 has generated a lot of concern among citizens and the media regarding the official numbers provided by different governments. Public health today must cope with the most significant pandemic of the twenty-first century.
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Introduction and Aim: With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raging on, there is a need to identify clinical and laboratory predictors which predict progression towards severe and fatal forms of this illness. Our study aims to evaluate the ability of hematologic and biochemical biomarkers to discriminate between patients with and without severe or fatal forms of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 200 Covid positive patients;100 with mild disease and 100 with severe disease. Medical records were reviewed to collect demographic data and results of the following blood investigations were noted at admission: Hb, Platelet count, Total and Differential leukocyte count, CRP, AST, ALT, LDH, Ferritin and D-Dimer. Comparative analysis was performed between the 2 groups.